Yeah, sounds like low quality fans/shroud and maybe sketchy installation. Its hard to get a sufficient installation in an older truck without having the EFI controls. A properly sized radiator and quality single/dual electric fan setup shouldn't even really need to run going up a grade like that, they might need to kick on for a bit getting close to the top, but really if you are running 55-65 mph, you should be getting all the flow you need.
If you bought one of those junky aluminum "high performance" radiator and dual electric fan setups that is really just two fans screwed to an aluminum sheet... that's your problem. The OEM ones will have either fans that cover almost the entire surface, or they will have rubber flaps over the areas not covered by a fan so that air from forward motion is pushed through.
The 454's are notoriously hot blooded, you will also be doing yourself a big favor to have both an in-radiator and external oil and trans cooler. It will greatly help to dissipate heat from the entire drivetrain, especially the engine oil cooler.
Whatever you do, you need a good quality, high efficiency radiator and external coolers. The fans are really just for the extremes of either high load and low speed, or stopped.
What radiator/fan combo were you running? Was it the stock 350 non/AC radiator?