Too many variables that we couldn’t possibly know, to say what broke your axle shaft and/or old u joint.
Generally different diameter tires on an open diff will get along for a while and honestly shouldn’t matter on a yardbird plow truck. You could put 4 flintstone wheels on it and still move around in low traction conditions.
But you’re now mind farking this “conundrum”.
I just looked on CL within about a 100 mi radius of you and there are literally several 4 matching tire and wheel combos that would fit on your truck and do the job since it would be foolish to buy a full set of brand new tires for that truck. Bolt on no muss no fuss for cheap.
Remember most any 8x6.5 rim will work. Dodge GM , old fords.