I don't know if I'll be very helpful but this is what I have in the mileage department.
First of I think it sucks when someone is asking about miles per gallon and someone posts a response that it doesn't matter.....
Gas mileage! My 1984 C20 305 700R4 3.73 truck. I get right around 12 going back and forth to work, which is a mix of country roads and city traffic. On the highway if I'm driving I-5 where there are hills but not mountain passes I routinely get just below 16, generally it'll be close to 16, like 15.8 or 9 typically. If I cruise at 60 in the slow lane I can get over 16, but that's a pain in the butt for me, I'd rather run at the flow of traffic which generally is 70 - 80, but the MPG drops off in a hurry over 75 or so. Running 80 on trip deduct 1MPG. The worst mileage I get with her is when I do I-82 (three ridges to go over) and I-90 Snoqualmie pass with a loaded trailer that's an 8MPG affair. So yea it can vary that much. And sometimes I think about a 454 or even a 350. When my little 305 dies the plan is to put a 350 in it's place, but I know that'll lower my overall mileage a little bit at the benefit of better power and loosing the idiosyncrasies of the 305. If I had a 454 truck it could not be a daily driver for me. With the 305 I can DD her. So I might crest Manastash ridge at 35MPH with the trailer loaded, but the trade off is 16MPG on the highway when running empty. But I'm known guys with 350's in these trucks and 4.10's and no OD and they never made it much past 10MPG, one friend use to have a 350 C30 in a 72 (so not really a square), his truck was set up for a camper and had 4.56's with the TH400 and he generally got 8 - 9MPG.
I guess my point is the combination of engine, transmission and rear end gear ratio can make a large difference in fuel economy.