No, what you're explaining as a locker, is a Limited Slip Diff. Lockers stay locked until they need to be unlocked, like when they feel heavy resistance going into a turn or a corner, the overcome that resistance and let loose. This is why lockers can be uncomfy and noisy. Sometimes they won't even unlock and you might bark a tire turning a corner or feel it slightly binding before it finally lets loose.
Now a Limited Slip is just what you said. When one wheels slips enough, as in a limited amount, it then realizes it needs some help and grabs the other wheel to help out then releases as soon the need is not longer needed and it goes back to a one wheel drive. Usually the slip amount is about a 3/4 wheel turn when it realizes it needs help and by a full turn, it's got the other wheel hooked up too. And you're also right, some LSD systems don't even grab the other wheel, they just pass the buck and transfer power to the other wheel, and then when it's decided that neither wheel has traction then it'll decided to lock up, so it can take some time for the LSD to get the job done. Some systems are better than other bottom line. Other thing about LSD's many of the them have clutches in them just like auto transmission clutch packs. When the clutches wear out, no more LSD.
This is why I prefer lockers. Sure they're uncomfy at times, noisy at times, but unless you have a quiet exhaust system, you're not likely to hear them either.