I had to use a set of bits for a pin vise (small hand drill). I used a micrometer to measure the small bits, and then trial and error to see which one fit in the small end of the tube. My measurement was .038 for the new tubes I got from Cliff Ruggles.
In Ruggles tuning info on pages 94-95 of his book, idle air tubes start out at .033 for a very mild engine, and graduate up to .036, .037, .038, and finally .039 for a highly cammed engine.
He then recommends .035 as a good choice for a nearly stock engine. However, for that engine he also opens up the idle down channel to .046 (from .040), and the mixture screw holes to .090 (from .070). I only changed the idle tubes and opened up the mixture screw holes to about .80. I'm not really sure how it all works together to affect the idle.
When I was tuning and setting up my carburetor I had problems just identifying some of these other passages in the carburetor so I could measure them, since the Quadrajets use a little different design from year to year.
Bruce